Hapatitis B

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver, leading to inflammation and potential liver damage. It is caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). Chronic Hepatitis B can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer.

Causes of Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is highly contagious and spreads through:

• Blood-to-blood contact (sharing needles, blood transfusions).

• Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person.

• Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth.

• Sharing personal items (razors, toothbrushes) with an infected individual.

• Healthcare exposure (needle-stick injuries in medical settings).

Symptoms of Hepatitis B

Some people may not show symptoms, but common signs include:

• Yellowing of the skin, eyes, and nails (Jaundice).

• Dark-colored urine (tea-colored).

• Pale or clay-colored stools.

• Fatigue and weakness.

• Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

• Abdominal pain or swelling.

• Itchy skin (pruritus).

• Unexplained weight loss (in chronic cases).

Diagnosis of Hepatitis B

• Blood tests – Detect HBV infection and liver function levels.

• Liver ultrasound – Assesses liver damage or cirrhosis.

• Liver biopsy – Evaluates liver inflammation and fibrosis.

Treatment for Hepatitis B

• Acute Hepatitis B – No specific treatment; supportive care includes hydration and rest.

• Chronic Hepatitis B – Antiviral medications (e.g., Tenofovir, Entecavir) to suppress the virus and prevent liver damage.

• Liver transplant – In cases of severe liver failure.

Prevention of Hepatitis B

• Hepatitis B vaccine – Highly effective in preventing infection.

• Safe sex practices – Use condoms to reduce transmission risk.

• Avoid sharing needles or personal items that can transmit blood.

• Screening of blood donations to prevent infected transfusions.

Hepatitis B is a serious liver disease, but early detection, proper medical care, and vaccination can help manage and prevent complications.