Esophageal Stenting

Esophageal Stenting

Esophageal stenting is a medical procedure in which a stent—a flexible, tube-like device—is placed in the esophagus to keep it open. This procedure is commonly used to relieve esophageal strictures (narrowing of the esophagus) caused by conditions such as cancer, scarring, or other obstructions. By restoring the ability to swallow, esophageal stenting significantly improves the patient’s quality of life.

Why is Esophageal Stenting Performed?

Esophageal stents are used to treat:

• Esophageal cancer – Tumors that block the esophagus.

• Benign esophageal strictures – Narrowing due to acid reflux, radiation, or previous surgeries.

• Tracheoesophageal fistula – Abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus.

• Esophageal perforation – A hole or tear in the esophagus.

Procedure of Esophageal Stenting

1. Preparation – Patients may need to fast before the procedure. A sedative or mild anesthesia is given for comfort.

2. Endoscopic Guidance – A thin, flexible tube (endoscope) with a camera is inserted into the esophagus to guide the placement.

3. Stent Placement – A metal or plastic stent is expanded at the narrowed area, pushing the obstruction aside and allowing food and liquids to pass.

4. Recovery – Patients are monitored briefly and can often return home the same day.

Types of Esophageal Stents

• Self-Expanding Metal Stents (SEMS) – Commonly used for malignant strictures.

• Self-Expanding Plastic Stents (SEPS) – Used for benign conditions and temporary placements.

• Biodegradable Stents – Designed to dissolve over time for temporary relief.

Benefits of Esophageal Stenting

• Improves swallowing and reduces difficulty in eating and drinking.

• Minimally invasive with quick recovery.

• Provides relief from esophageal obstruction due to tumors or strictures.

• Can be used in palliative care for advanced esophageal cancer patients.

Possible Side Effects and Risks

• Mild discomfort or chest pain.

• Acid reflux or heartburn.

• Risk of stent migration (movement from its original position).

• Bleeding or perforation (rare but serious complications).

Post-Treatment Care

• Eat soft foods and avoid large, hard, or sticky foods that could block the stent.

• Sit upright while eating and drink plenty of fluids.

• Regular follow-ups to check stent positioning and function.

Esophageal stenting is an effective, minimally invasive procedure that helps restore swallowing function and improve quality of life, especially for individuals with esophageal cancer or severe strictures.