CBD Stenting

CBD Stenting (Common Bile Duct Stenting)

CBD stenting, or common bile duct stenting, is a medical procedure used to place a stent inside the common bile duct to keep it open and allow the smooth flow of bile from the liver to the small intestine. It is commonly performed to relieve blockages caused by gallstones, tumors, or strictures, preventing complications like jaundice and biliary infections.

Why is CBD Stenting Performed?

CBD stenting is used to treat conditions that obstruct bile flow, such as:

• Gallstones (Choledocholithiasis) – Stones blocking the bile duct.

• Bile Duct Strictures – Narrowing of the bile duct due to inflammation, scarring, or surgery.

• Pancreatic or Biliary Tract Cancer – Tumors compressing or invading the bile duct.

• Cholangitis – Infection caused by bile duct obstruction.

• Post-Surgical Complications – Bile leakage or narrowing after gallbladder or liver surgery.

Procedure of CBD Stenting

1. Preparation – The patient may need to fast for several hours before the procedure.

2. Endoscopic Guidance (ERCP) – A procedure called Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is used. A flexible tube (endoscope) with a camera is inserted through the mouth into the bile duct.

3. Stent Placement – A plastic or metal stent is placed in the narrowed or blocked duct, allowing bile to bypass the obstruction.

4. Recovery – Patients are monitored for a short time and can usually go home the same day.

Types of Bile Duct Stents

• Plastic Stents – Temporary stents, usually replaced every 3-6 months.

• Metal Stents (SEMS – Self-Expanding Metal Stents) – Used for long-term relief, especially in cancer patients.

Benefits of CBD Stenting

• Restores normal bile flow, preventing jaundice and liver damage.

• Minimally invasive with quick recovery.

• Relieves pain and digestive issues caused by bile duct blockages.

• Used for both temporary and palliative treatment, especially in cancer patients.

Possible Side Effects and Risks

• Mild abdominal pain or discomfort.

• Nausea or vomiting.

• Infection (cholangitis) requiring antibiotics.

• Stent blockage or migration, needing replacement.

• Rare complications like pancreatitis or perforation.

Post-Treatment Care

• Eat a balanced, low-fat diet to ease digestion.

• Stay hydrated and monitor for signs of infection (fever, chills, worsening jaundice).

• Follow up with a doctor for stent check-ups and replacements if needed.

CBD stenting is an effective and safe procedure for managing bile duct obstructions, improving bile drainage, and enhancing patient well-being.