Bleeding Per Rectum

Bleeding per rectum, also known as rectal bleeding, refers to the passage of blood through the anus, typically mixed with stool or seen on toilet paper. The blood may be bright red (fresh bleeding) or dark (suggesting bleeding higher in the digestive tract). It can be a symptom of various conditions, ranging from minor issues like hemorrhoids to serious diseases like colorectal cancer.

Causes of Bleeding Per Rectum

Common Causes:

• Hemorrhoids – Swollen veins in the rectum or anus that may bleed during bowel movements.

• Anal Fissures – Small tears in the anal lining, often due to constipation or straining.

• Diverticular Disease – Small pouches (diverticula) in the colon that may bleed.

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) – Conditions like ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease that cause intestinal inflammation and bleeding.

• Colorectal Polyps – Benign growths in the colon that can bleed and may develop into cancer.

• Colorectal Cancer – A serious cause of rectal bleeding, often accompanied by weight loss and changes in bowel habits.

• Gastrointestinal Infections – Bacterial or viral infections causing bloody diarrhea.

• Angiodysplasia – Fragile, abnormal blood vessels in the colon leading to intermittent bleeding.

Symptoms of Bleeding Per Rectum

• Bright red blood in the stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl.

• Dark, tarry stools (melena) if the bleeding originates higher in the digestive tract.

• Abdominal pain or cramping (depending on the cause).

• Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or urgency).

• Unexplained weight loss (in cases of colorectal cancer or chronic diseases).

• Weakness, dizziness, or fatigue (if bleeding is significant).

Treatment for Bleeding Per Rectum

Treatment depends on the underlying cause:

• Lifestyle Changes – High-fiber diet and hydration for hemorrhoids and anal fissures.

• Medications – Anti-inflammatory drugs for IBD, antibiotics for infections, and stool softeners for constipation.

• Endoscopic Procedures – To remove polyps, stop bleeding from angiodysplasia, or manage diverticular bleeding.

• Surgery – For colorectal cancer, severe IBD, or persistent bleeding from other causes.

Rectal bleeding should never be ignored, especially if persistent, heavy, or associated with other concerning symptoms. A medical evaluation is necessary to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.