Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, a gland responsible for producing digestive enzymes and insulin. This condition can be acute (sudden onset and short-term) or chronic (long-term and recurring), leading to severe abdominal pain and digestive issues.

Types of Pancreatitis

1. Acute Pancreatitis – A sudden inflammation that resolves within a few days to weeks.

2. Chronic Pancreatitis – Long-term inflammation causing permanent damage to the pancreas.

Causes of Pancreatitis

• Gallstones – Blockage of the pancreatic duct.

• Excessive alcohol consumption – One of the leading causes.

• High triglyceride levels – Increased fat in the blood.

• Certain medications – Including some antibiotics and diuretics.

• Pancreatic tumors or infections – Can obstruct normal function.

• Autoimmune disorders – The body’s immune system attacks the pancreas.

• Genetic factors – Family history of pancreatitis.

Symptoms of Pancreatitis

Acute Pancreatitis Symptoms:

• Severe upper abdominal pain, radiating to the back.

• Nausea and vomiting.

• Fever and chills.

• Swollen or tender abdomen.

• Rapid pulse and low blood pressure in severe cases.

Chronic Pancreatitis Symptoms:

• Persistent abdominal pain that worsens after eating.

• Unintentional weight loss due to poor digestion.

• Greasy, foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea) from fat malabsorption.

• Diabetes development due to pancreatic damage.

Diagnosis of Pancreatitis

• Blood tests – Elevated amylase and lipase levels indicate pancreatitis.

• Ultrasound or CT scan – To detect gallstones, inflammation, or complications.

• MRI (MRCP) or ERCP – To evaluate bile and pancreatic ducts.

Treatment for Pancreatitis

Acute Pancreatitis Treatment:

• Hospitalization for IV fluids and pain management.

• Fasting (NPO) – To rest the pancreas.

• Antibiotics – If an infection is present.

• Gallstone removal – If gallstones are the cause (via ERCP or surgery).

Chronic Pancreatitis Treatment:

• Lifestyle changes – Avoid alcohol, eat a low-fat diet.

• Pancreatic enzyme supplements – To improve digestion.

• Pain management – Medications or nerve block procedures.

• Surgery (if needed) – To remove damaged pancreatic tissue or unblock ducts.

Possible Complications of Pancreatitis

• Pancreatic necrosis (tissue death).

• Diabetes mellitus due to pancreatic damage.

• Pseudocysts (fluid collections in the pancreas).

• Pancreatic cancer (long-term risk in chronic cases).

Prevention of Pancreatitis

• Limit alcohol intake and quit smoking.

• Maintain a healthy diet low in fat.

• Manage gallstones through diet or surgery if necessary.

• Control high triglyceride levels and diabetes.

Early diagnosis and proper management of pancreatitis are crucial to prevent severe complications and improve long-term health.